Sun in 1st house in Vedic astrology: self and strength

राजानौ भानुहिमगू नेता ज्ञेयो धरात्मजः । बुधो राजकुमारश्च सचिवौ गुरुभार्गवौ ॥३॥

The Sun and Moon are like kings; Mars is to be known as the commander; Mercury is the prince; Jupiter and Venus are the two ministers.

सूर्यो गुरुः कुजः सोमो गुरुर्भौमः सितः शनिः । गुरुश्चन्द्रसुतो जीवो मन्दश्च भावकारकः ॥३७॥

Sun, Jupiter, Mars, Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn — these are the bhava-karakas [of the twelve houses in order].

तनोरूपं च ज्ञानं च वर्णं चैव बलाबलम् । शीलं वै प्रकृतिं चैव तनुस्थानाद्विचारयेत् ॥१॥

From the 1st house one should examine the body, its form, knowledge, caste/class, strength and weakness, character, and constitution.

अधुना सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि विशेषं भावकारकम् । जन्मलग्नं च विद्याद्वै आत्मकारकमेव च ॥३४॥

Now I shall further declare specially the bhava-karaka. Know that the birth-lagna itself is the atma-karaka [of the 1st house].

बुधेज्यौ बलिनौ पूर्वे रविभौमौ च दक्षिणे । वारुणे सूर्यपुत्रश्च सितचन्द्रौ तथोत्तरे ॥२४॥

Mercury and Jupiter are strong in the east; the Sun and Mars in the south; Saturn in the west; and Venus and the Moon in the north — the directional strengths of the grahas.

अर्ककुजात्सुखं जीवाज्ज्ञाच्चास्तं लग्नमर्कितः मध्यलग्रं भृगोश्चन्द्राद्धित्वा षड्भाधिके सति। चक्राद्विशोध्य रामाप्तं भागीकृत्य च तद्बलम्।।१३।।

Subtract the 4th house from the Sun and Mars, the 7th from Jupiter and Mercury, the lagna from Saturn, and the 10th (midheaven) from Venus and the Moon; if the remainder exceeds 6 signs, subtract from 12, convert to degrees, and divide by 3 — this gives the dig-bala (directional strength).

अन्येषां त्रिदशे पादं द्विपादं च त्रिकोणगे । चतुरस्रे त्रिपादं च पूर्णं पश्यति सप्तमे ॥२२॥

Of the others, quarter at the tridasha, and half at the trikona; three-quarter at the chaturasra; full it sees at the seventh.

सूर्याच्च पुण्यभे तात इन्दोर्माता चतुर्थतः । कुजात्तृतीयतो भ्राता मातुलो रिपुभाद्बुधात् ॥३२॥

From the Sun, in the punya-bhava [9th], the father; from the Moon, in the 4th, the mother; from Mars, in the 3rd, the brother; the maternal uncle from the ripu-bhava [6th] from Mercury.

स्वोच्चे शुभं बलं पूर्णं त्रिकोणे पादवर्जितम् । स्वर्क्षे दलं मित्रगेहे पादमात्रं प्रकीर्तितम् ॥५१॥

In its own exaltation, a graha's auspicious strength is full; in its moolatrikona, it is full less a quarter; in its own sign it is half; in a friend's sign it is declared to be only a quarter.

पादार्धं समभे प्रोक्तं व्यर्थं नीचास्तशत्रुभे । तद्वद्दुष्टबलं ब्रूयाद् व्यत्ययेन विचक्षणः ॥५२॥

In a neutral's sign it is declared to be an eighth; it is void in debilitation, combustion, or an enemy's sign. Likewise the wise should state malefic/inauspicious strength in the reverse order.

रवेः समो ज्ञः सितसूर्यपुत्रावरी परे ये सुहृदो भवन्ति । चन्द्रस्य नारी रविचन्द्रपुत्रौ स्मृतास्तु शेषग्रहाः समाः ॥४४॥

Mercury is neutral to the Sun; Venus and Saturn are its enemies; the remaining grahas are its friends. To the Moon, certain grahas stand as related; the rest of the grahas are neutral to it (natural friendship/enmity, naisargika-maitri).

पूर्ववासी नृपज्ञातिः शैलचारी रजोगुणी । पृष्ठोदयी पावकी च मेषराशिः कुजाधिपः ॥७॥

Dwelling in the east, of royal kinship, roaming the mountains, of rajo-guna, rising by its back (prishthodaya), and of fiery nature — the sign Aries is ruled by Mars.

अजो वृषो मृगः कन्या कुलीरझषतौलिकाः । सूर्यादीनां क्रमादेतास्तुङ्गसंज्ञाः प्रकीर्तिताः ॥३८॥

Aries, Taurus, Capricorn, Virgo, Cancer, Pisces, and Libra are declared, in order, to be the signs of exaltation (uchcha) of the Sun and the other grahas.

मन्दसौम्यसिताः पापाः शुभौ गुरुदिवाकरौ । न शुभं योगमात्रेण प्रभवेच्छनिजीवयोः ॥१३॥

For Mesha (Aries) lagna: Saturn, Mercury, and Venus are malefic; Jupiter and the Sun are benefic. The mere combination of Saturn and Jupiter does not by itself produce an auspicious result.

श्वेतः शुक्राधिपो दीर्घः चतुष्पाच्छर्वरी बली । याम्येट् ग्राम्यो वणिग्भूमिः स्त्री पृष्ठोदयो वृषः ॥८॥

White, ruled by Venus, long-bodied, quadruped, strong by night, dwelling in the south, domesticated, of the merchant class, earthy, female, and rising by its back — this is Taurus.

जीवशुक्रेन्दवः पापाः शुभौ शनिदिवाकरौ । राजयोगकरः साक्षादेक एव रवेः सुतः ॥१६॥

For Vrishabha (Taurus) lagna: Jupiter, Venus, and the Moon are malefic; Saturn and the Sun are benefic. The one Raja-yoga-karaka is Saturn (रवेः सुतः, "son of the Sun") alone, directly.

शीर्षोदयी नृमिथुनं सगदं च सवीणकम् । प्रत्यक्स्वामी द्विपाद्रात्रिबली ग्राम्याग्रगोऽनिली ॥९॥

Rising by its head, depicted as a pair of humans — one bearing a mace, the other a vina — ruled by Mercury (whose direction is west), biped, strong by night, foremost among domesticated creatures, and of airy nature — this is Gemini.

भौमजीवारुणः पापा एक एव कविः शुभः । शनैश्चरेण जीवस्य योगो मेषभवो यथा ॥१८॥

For Mithuna (Gemini) lagna: Mars, Jupiter, and the Sun are malefic; Venus alone is benefic. The combination of Saturn and Jupiter [here] gives results the same way as [described] for one born in Mesha lagna.

बहुपटुतरः स्थौल्यतनुः सत्त्वगुणी बली । पृष्ठोदयी कर्कराशिर्मृगाङ्कोऽधिपतिः स्मृतः ॥११॥

Very skilled/sharp, stout-bodied, of sattva-guna, strong, and rising by its back — the sign Cancer, ruled by the Moon (mriganka).

भार्गवेन्दुसुतौ पापौ भौमेज्यशशिनः शुभाः । एकग्रहस्तु भवेत्साक्षान्महीसुतो योगकारकः ॥२०॥

For Karka (Cancer) lagna: Venus and Mercury are malefic; Mars, Jupiter, and the Moon are benefic. Mars (महीसुत, "son of the earth") alone becomes the Raja-yoga-karaka, directly.

सिंहः सूर्याधिपः सत्त्वी चतुष्पात्क्षत्रियो बली । शीर्षोदयी बृहद्गात्रः पाण्डुः पूर्वेद्युवीर्यवान् ॥१२॥

Leo, ruled by the Sun, is of sattva-guna, quadruped, of the kshatriya class, strong, rising by its head, large-bodied, pale/tawny, and strong in the earlier part of the day.

विंशतिरंशाः सिंहे कोणमपरे स्वभवनमर्कस्य । उच्चं भागत्रितयं वृषमिन्दोः शेषांशास्युस्त्रिकोणकाः ॥४०॥

The Sun's moolatrikona spans the first twenty degrees of Leo, the remainder of Leo being its own house; the Moon is exalted in the first three degrees of Taurus, the rest of Taurus being its moolatrikona.

बुधशुक्रार्कजाः पापाः भौमेज्यार्काः शुभप्रदाः । प्रभवेद्योगमात्रेण न शुभं गुरुशुक्रयोः ॥२२॥

For Simha (Leo) lagna: Mercury, Venus, and Saturn (अर्कज, "son of the Sun") are malefic; Mars, Jupiter, and the Sun give auspicious results. The mere combination of Jupiter and Venus does not by itself produce an auspicious result.

ससस्यदहना वैश्या चित्रवर्णा प्रभञ्जिनी । कुमारी तमसायुक्ता बालभावा बुधाधिपः ॥१४॥

Associated with grain and fire, of the vaishya class, of variegated color, windy (restless) in nature; a maiden, joined with tamas, of youthful disposition, and ruled by Mercury.

कुजजीवेन्दवः पापा एक एव भृगुः शुभः । भार्गवेन्दुसुतावेव भवेतां योगकारकौ ॥२४॥

For Kanya (Virgo) lagna: Mars, Jupiter, and the Moon are malefic; Venus (भृगु) alone is benefic. Venus and Mercury together become the Yoga-karakas.

शीर्षोदयी द्युवीर्याढ्यस्तथा शूद्रो रजोगुणी । शुक्रोऽधिपो पश्चिमेशो तुलो मध्यतनुर्द्विपात् ॥१५॥

Head-rising, endowed with strength by day, of the shudra class, of rajo-guna; ruled by Venus, lord of the west, of medium body, and biped — this is Tula (Libra).

दिग्गुणाष्टयमा भागा तिथिभूतर्क्षनखासमा । स्वोच्चात्सप्तमभं नीचं पूर्वोक्तांशैः प्रकीर्तितम् ॥३९॥

The precise degree of exaltation for each graha is given by a series of word-numerals; the sign of debilitation (nicha) is the seventh from the exaltation sign, at the same degree already stated (the exact numeric values encoded by the word-numerals in this verse are not fully certain without further cross-reference).

जीवार्कमहीजाः पापाः शनैश्चरबुधौ शुभौ । भवेतां राजयोगस्य कारकौ चन्द्रतत्सुतौ ॥२६॥

For Tula (Libra) lagna: Jupiter, the Sun, and Mars are malefic; Saturn and Mercury are benefic. The Moon and its "son" (Mercury) become the karakas of Raja-yoga.

शीर्षोदयोऽथ स्वल्पाङ्गो बहुपाद्ब्राह्मणो बली । सौम्यस्थो दिनवीर्याढ्यः पिशङ्गो जलभूचरः । रोमस्वाढ्योऽतितीक्ष्णाङ्गो वृश्चिकश्च कुजाधिपः ॥१६॥

Head-rising, small-bodied, many-legged, of the brahmin class, strong, associated with the benefics, strong by day, tawny-colored, moving through water and earth; abundant in bristles and extremely sharp-limbed — this is Vrishchika (Scorpio), ruled by Mars.

सौम्यभौमसिताः पापाः शुभौ गुरुनिशाकरौ । सूर्यचन्द्रमसावेव भवेतां योगकारकौ ॥२८॥

For Vrishchika (Scorpio) lagna: Mercury, Mars, and Venus are malefic; Jupiter and the Moon are benefic. The Sun and the Moon together become the Yoga-karakas.

अश्वजङ्घो त्वथ धनुर्गुरू स्वामी च सात्त्विकः ॥१७॥

Having the shanks of a horse (the sign Dhanu, Sagittarius); ruled by Jupiter, and of sattva-guna.

एक एव कविः पापः शुभौ सौम्यदिवाकरौ । योगो भास्करसौम्याभ्यां निहन्ता भास्करःसुतः ॥३०॥

For Dhanu (Sagittarius) lagna: Venus alone is malefic; Mercury and the Sun are benefic. Their combination (Sun and Mercury) is a Raja-yoga; the maraka is Saturn (भास्करसुत, "son of the Sun").

पूर्वस्थो वसुधाचारी तेजवान्पृष्ठतोद्गमी । मन्दाधिपस्तमी भौमी याम्येट् च निशि वीर्यवान् ॥१९॥

Dhanu, continued: situated in the east, roaming the earth, radiant, and rising by its back. Then, for Makara (Capricorn): ruled by Saturn, of tamas, earthy, south-dwelling, and strong by night.

कुजजीवेन्दवः पापाः शुभौ भार्गवचन्द्रजौ । स्वयं चैव निहन्ता स्यान्मन्दो भौमादयः परे ॥३२॥

For Makara (Capricorn) lagna: Mars, Jupiter, and the Moon are malefic; Venus and Mercury (चन्द्रज, "son of the Moon") are benefic. Saturn is itself the maraka; Mars and the other [aforesaid malefics act as marakas] through association.

शूद्रः पश्चिमदेशस्य स्वामी दैवाकरिः स्मृतः । मीनौ पुच्छास्य संलग्नौ मीनराशिर्दिवाबली ॥२२॥

Aquarius is of the shudra class, its ruler declared lord of the western direction. Then, for Mina (Pisces): depicted as two fish joined tail-to-mouth; the sign Pisces is strong by day.

जीवचन्द्रकुजाः पापा एको दैत्यगुरुः शुभः । राजयोगकरः शुक्रो भौमश्चैव बृहस्पतिः ॥३४॥

For Kumbha (Aquarius) lagna: Jupiter, the Moon, and Mars are malefic; Venus (दैत्यगुरु, "teacher of the demons") alone is benefic. Venus is the Raja-yoga-karaka, together with Mars and Jupiter.

सुराचार्याधिपश्चास्य राशीनां गदितं मया । त्रिंशद्भागात्मकः स्थूलसूक्ष्माकरफलाय च ॥२४॥

Its ruler is Jupiter (suracharya, teacher of the gods). Thus have the natures of the signs been declared; each consists of thirty degrees, for the purpose of both gross and subtle results.

मन्दशुक्रांशुमद्पापाः सौम्यो भौमविधू शुभौ । महीसुतगुरुश्चैव भवेतां योगकारकौ ॥३६॥

For Meena (Pisces) lagna: Saturn, Venus, and the Sun are malefic; Mercury, Mars, and the Moon are benefic. Mars (महीसुत) and Jupiter together become the Yoga-karakas.

भानुक्षेत्रगते लग्ने तस्मिन् भानौ स्थिते यदि। भौमेन गुरुणा युक्ते दृष्टे वा स्याद् युतो धनैः।।७।।

If the lagna falls in the Sun's own sign and the Sun himself occupies it, joined with or aspected by Mars and Jupiter, one becomes endowed with wealth.

यो यो भावपतिर्नष्टस्त्रिकेशाद्यैश्च संयुतः ।

Whichever lord of a house is combust ("lost"), or is joined with the lords of the trik houses (6th/8th/12th) and the like —

भावं न वीक्षते सम्यग्ग्रहो वापि मृतो यदा । स्थविरो वा भवेत्खेटः सुप्तो वापि प्रपीडितः । तदा तद्भावजं सौख्यं नष्टं ब्रूयाद्विशङ्कितः ॥१४॥

— or does not properly aspect its own house, or is in a "dead" state, or is an aged graha, or asleep, or afflicted — then the happiness born of that house should be declared destroyed, its fruit doubtful.

यदा सौम्यग्रहैर्दृष्टो भावो भावेशसौम्ययुक् । युवा प्रबुद्धराजस्थः कुमारो वापि तद्भवेत् ॥१५॥

When a house is aspected by benefic grahas, and is joined with its own lord as a benefic, [and] the lord is youthful, awake, and princely, [that house's significations flourish].

ईशेक्षणवशात्तत्र भावसौख्यं वदेद्बुधः । एवं हि सर्वभावेषु ज्ञेयो साधारणो नयः ॥१६॥

By virtue of the lord's aspect upon it, the wise should declare the happiness of that house to increase. This general principle should thus be understood as applying to all houses alike.

सूर्येन्दुक्ष्माजतमसो वाक्पतिर्मन्दचन्द्रजा। केतुशुक्रौ क्रमादेते विज्ञेयाश्च दशाधिपाः।।१४।।

The Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu (tamas), Jupiter (vakpati), Saturn, Mercury (manda-chandra-ja), Ketu, and Venus — these, in order, should be known as the dasha-lords.

रसाशामुनिधृत्यब्दा भूपविधृतिवत्सराः। सप्तेन्दवो नगा व्योमबाहवो क्रमतो मताः।।१५।।

[Their dasha periods, encoded as number-words, are, in order:] six, ten, seven, eighteen, sixteen, nineteen, seventeen, seven, and twenty years, respectively held [as the dasha-years for Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, and Venus].

अथ दशाफलाध्यायः। तत्रादौ विंशोत्तरीमतेन सूर्यमहादशाफलम्। सूर्योत्कृष्टदशा करोति सुतधीप्रज्ञाश्किारोच्छ्रय-ज्ञानार्थागमकीर्तिपौरुषसुखप्राप्तीश्वरानुग्रहात्। भानोः पापदशा करोति विफलोद्योगार्थहान्यामया-त्राजक्षोभमहीशकोपजनकारिष्टाग्निवाधोदयात्।।१।।

Now the chapter on the results of the dashas: first, by the Vimshottari system, the results of the Sun's mahadasha. An excellent (strong) dasha of the Sun brings sons, intelligence, wisdom, elevation of authority/status, gain of knowledge, wealth, fame, valor, and happiness, by the grace of the Lord. A malefic (weak) dasha of the Sun brings failure in undertakings, loss of wealth, illness, fear from royal displeasure, disturbances, affliction, and danger from fire.

बलं सूर्ये समायुक्ते निजवर्गे वलैर्युते। तस्मिन्दाये महासौख्यं धनलाभादिकं शुभम्।।३।।

When the Sun is endowed with strength, situated in its own varga (divisional dignity) and joined with strength — in that dasha, great happiness, gain of wealth, and other auspicious results occur.

नीचे षडष्टके रिष्फे दुर्बले पापसंयुते। राहु केतु समायुक्ते दुःस्थानाधिपसंयुते।।७।।

[If the Sun is] debilitated, in the 6th, 8th, or 12th house, weak, conjoined with malefics, joined with Rahu or Ketu, or conjoined with the lords of the difficult houses (dushtana, i.e. 6th/8th/12th) —

तस्मिन्दाये महापीडा धनधान्य विनाशकृत्। राजकोपं प्रवासं च राजदंडाद्धनक्षयम्।।८।।

In that dasha [of a weak Sun], great affliction occurs, causing destruction of wealth and grain; royal displeasure, travel abroad, and loss of wealth through royal punishment [also occur].

पितृवर्गे मनस्तापं जनद्वेषं च विंदति। शुभदृष्टि युते सूर्ये मध्ये तस्मिन्क्वचित्सुखम्। पापग्रहेण संदृष्टे वदेत्पापफलं नरः।।११।।

One experiences mental distress regarding the father's side of the family, and hostility from people. If the Sun is aspected by benefics, some happiness occurs in the middle of that dasha; if aspected by a malefic, the person should be told only malefic results.